All Chess Openings – Tactics Encyclopedia and End Games

Welcome to Clean Chess, which is the largest website with chess except chess.com and chessbase.com where you can play online chess. Here it's more to learn how to play chess up to master level and beyond. We started out as Master Chess Openings but now also have Tactics and End Games.

All Chess Openings, All Tactic Combinations and End Game Situations to train. One year access to all content for members. 25 USD with 14 Days Free Trial. Good luck with your chess.

Checkmates

• • 500 Opening Checkmates

  • Basic Checkmate Patterns

  • Checkmate in One

  • Checkmate in Two – Lesson 1

  • Checkmate in Two – Lesson 2 - Members

  • Checkmate in Two – Lesson 3 - Members

  • Checkmate in Two – Lesson 4 - Members

  • Checkmate in Three - Members

Games with Checkmates

• • Checkmate with Knight and Bishop - Members

  • Checkmate with Queen

  • Checkmate with Rook

  • Checkmate with Two Bishops - Members

  • Checkmates with Two Knights vs Pawn - Members

• • Famous Checkmates

Best Checkmates in Real Games

• • Best Checkmates Eco A – Irregular Openings

  • Best Checkmates Eco B – 1. e4

  • Best Checkmates Eco C – 1. e4 - Members

  • Best Checkmates Eco D – 1. d4 - Members

  • Best Checkmates Eco E – 1. d4 - Members

Chess Board Editor

Chess Library

• • Chess Game and Tips – Books - Members

  • Chess Opening – Books

  • Chess Players – Books

  • End Game – Books - Members

  • Excel in Chess – Books - Members

  • Middle Game Tactics – Books - Members

Chess Notation

Chess Openings by Eco Code & Variances

• • Irregular Chess Openings (Eco Code A) - Eco Code 51 to 99 for Members

  • Kings Pawn 1. e4 (Eco Code B) - Eco Code 51 to 99 for Members

  • Kings Pawn 1. e4 with French Defence (Eco Code C) for Members

  • Queens Pawn 1. d4 (Eco Code D) for Members

  • Queens Pawn 1. d4 (Eco Code E) for Members

Chess Openings on Chess Boards

• • Eco Code A (Flank) Openings – OCB - Eco Code 51 to 99 for Members

  • Eco Code B (1. e4) Openings – OCB - Eco Code 51 to 99 for Members

  • Eco Code C (1. e4) Openings – OCB for Members

  • Eco Code D (1. d4) Openings – OCB for Members

  • Eco Code E (1. d4) Openings – OCB for Members

End Games

Advantage of the Exchange for Members

• • ECE60 ♖ vs ♗♙♙

  • ECE61 ♖ vs ♗ ♙

  • ECE62 ♖ ♙ vs ♗ ♙♙

  • ECE63 ♖ ♙ vs ♗ ♙

  • ECE64 ♖ ♙ vs ♗

  • ECE65 ♖ vs ♘ ♙♙

  • ECE66 ♖ vs ♘ ♙

  • ECE67 ♖ ♙ vs ♘ ♙♙

  • ECE68 ♖ ♙ vs ♘ ♙

  • ECE69 ♖ ♙ vs ♘

Train Basic End Games

• Train TE01 ♔♖♖ vs ♔

• Train TE02 ♔ ♖ vs ♔

• Train TE03 ♔♗♗ vs ♔

• Train TE04 ♔♗♘ vs ♔

• Train TE05 ♔♘♘ vs ♔

• Train TE06 ♔♕ vs ♔♖

• Train TE07 ♔♗ vs ♔♖

• Train TE08 ♔♙ vs ♔ Cardon Square

• Train TE09 ♔♙♙ vs ♔

• Train Opposition TE10 ♔♙ vs ♔

• TE11 to TE20 for Members

• Train TE11 ♔♙ vs ♔♙

• Train TE12 ♔♙♙♙ vs ♔♙♙♙

• Train TE13 ♔♙♙♙♙ vs ♔♙♙♙♙

• Train TE14 Wall of China

• Train TE15 ♔♕ vs ♔♙

• Train TE 16 ♔♙ vs ♔♙

• Train TE17 ♔♙ vs ♔

• Train TE 18 ♔♕ vs ♔ ♙

• Train TE19 ♔♗♙ vs ♔

• Train TE20 ♔♘♙ vs ♔

Bishop and Pawn Endings

• ECE08 ♗ ♙ vs ♔

• ECE09 ♗ vs ♙♙♙

• ECE10 ♗ vs ♙♙

• ECE11 ♗ ♙ vs ♗

• ECE12 ♗ ♙♙ vs ♗

• ECE13 ♗ ♙♙♙ vs ♗

• ECE14 ♗ ♙♙ vs ♗ ♙

• ECE15 ♗ ♙♙♙ vs ♗ ♙♙♙

• ECE16 ♗ ♙♙♙♙ vs ♗ ♙♙♙♙

Bishop(s) vs. Knight(s) for Members

• • ECE25 ♗ ♙ vs ♘

  • ECE26 ♘ ♙ vs ♗

  • ECE27 ♗ ♙ vs ♘♙

  • ECE28 ♗ ♙♙ vs ♘ ♙♙

  • ECE29 ♗ ♙♙♙ vs ♘ ♙♙♙

  • ECE30 ♗♘♙ vs ♗♘♙

  • ECE31 ♗♗ ♙ vs ♗ ♘♙

  • ECE32 ♗♗ ♙♙ vs ♗ ♘ ♙

Knight and Pawn Endings

• • ECE17 ♘ vs ♙♙

  • ECE18 ♘ vs ♙♙♙

  • ECE19 ♘♙ vs ♙♙♙♙

  • ECE20 ♘ ♙ vs ♘ ♙

  • ECE21 ♘ ♙♙ vs ♘ ♙♙

  • ECE22 ♘ ♙♙♙ vs ♘ ♙♙♙

  • ECE23 ♘ ♙♙♙♙ vs ♘ ♙♙♙♙

  • ECE24 ♘♘ ♙♙♙ vs ♘♘ ♙♙♙

Pawn Endings

• • ECE01 ♔ vs ♔♙

  • ECE02 ♔♙ vs ♔ ♙

  • ECE03 ♔♙♙ vs ♔

  • ECE04 ♙♙ vs ♙

  • ECE05 ♙♙♙ vs ♙♙

  • ECE06 ♙♙♙ vs ♙♙♙

  • ECE07 ♙♙♙♙ vs ♙♙♙♙

Queen Endings for Members

• • ECE70 ♕ vs ♖

  • ECE71 ♕ vs ♕ ♘

  • ECE72 ♕ vs ♕ ♗

  • ECE73 ♕ vs ♙

  • ECE74 ♕ vs ♙♙

  • ECE75 ♕ vs ♙♙♙

  • ECE76 ♕ vs ♕ ♙♙

  • ECE77 ♕ ♙ vs♕ ♙

  • ECE78 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♕ ♙♙

  • ECE79 ♕ ♙♙♙ vs ♕ ♙♙

  • ECE80 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♘ ♙

  • ECE81 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♘ ♙♙

  • ECE82 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♘ ♙♙♙

  • ECE83 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♗ ♙

  • ECE84 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♗ ♙♙

  • ECE85 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♗ ♙♙♙

  • ECE86 ♕ ♙ vs ♗ ♘♘ ♙♙

  • ECE87 ♕ ♙ vs ♗ ♗♘ ♙♙

  • ECE88 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♖♘♙

  • ECE89 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♖ ♘♙♙

  • ECE90 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♖ ♘ ♙♙♙

  • ECE91 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♖♗♙

  • ECE92 ♕ ♙♙♙ vs ♖♗♙♙

  • ECE93 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♖♗♙♙♙

  • ECE94 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♗♘♘♙♙

  • ECE95 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♗♗ ♘ ♙♙

Rook and Minor Pieces for Members

Rook and Pawn Endings

Rook and Pawns vs Rook and Pawns

Rook End Game Course - annotated guide for Members

Rook vs Rook and Pawns

Rules for the End Game

Two Rook Endings

Why Study End Games

End Games to Study

• • ECE01 ♔ vs ♔♙

  • ECE02 ♔♙ vs ♔♙

  • ECE03 ♙♙ vs ♔

  • ECE04 ♙♙ vs ♙

  • ECE05 ♙♙♙ vs ♙♙

  • ECE06 ♙♙♙ vs ♙♙♙

  • ECE07 ♙♙♙♙ vs ♙♙♙♙

  • ECE08 ♗ ♙ vs ♔

  • ECE09 ♗ vs ♙♙♙

  • ECE10 ♗ vs ♙♙

  • ECE11 ♗ ♙ vs ♗

  • ECE12 ♗ ♙♙ vs ♗

  • ECE13 ♗ ♙♙♙ vs ♗

  • ECE14 ♗ ♙♙ vs ♗ ♙

  • ECE15 ♗ ♙♙♙ vs ♗ ♙♙♙

  • ECE16 ♗ ♙♙♙♙ vs ♗ ♙♙♙♙

  • ECE17 ♘ vs ♙♙

  • ECE18 ♘ vs ♙♙♙

  • ECE19 ♘♙ vs ♙♙♙♙

  • ECE20 ♘ ♙ vs ♘ ♙

  • ECE21 ♘ ♙♙ vs ♘ ♙♙

  • ECE22 ♘ ♙♙♙ vs ♘ ♙♙♙

  • ECE23 ♘ ♙♙♙♙ vs ♘ ♙♙♙♙

  • ECE24 ♘♘ ♙♙♙ vs ♘♘ ♙♙♙

  • ECE25 ♗ ♙ vs ♘

  • ECE26 ♘ ♙ vs ♗

  • ECE27 ♗ ♙ vs ♘ ♙

  • ECE28 ♗ ♙♙ vs ♘ ♙♙

  • ECE29 ♗ ♙♙♙ vs ♘ ♙♙♙

  • ECE30 ♗♘♙ vs ♗♘♙

  • ECE31 ♗♗ ♙ vs ♗♘♙

  • ECE32 ♗♗ ♙♙ vs ♗♘♙

  • ECE33 ♖ vs ♙

  • ECE34 ♖ vs ♙♙

  • ECE35 ♖ vs ♙♙♙

  • ECE36 ♖ vs ♙♙♙♙

  • ECE37 ♖ vs ♙♙♙♙♙

  • ECE38 ♖ ♙ vs ♖

  • ECE39 ♖ vs ♖ ♙♙

  • ECE40 ♖ ♙ vs ♖ ♙

  • ECE41 ♖ ♙♙ vs ♖ ♙

  • ECE42 ♖♖ ♙ vs ♖♖

  • ECE43 ♖♖ ♙♙ vs ♖♖ ♙

  • ECE44 ♖♖ ♙♙ vs ♖♖ ♙♙

  • ECE45 ♖ ♙♙♙ vs ♖♖ ♙♙

  • ECE46 ♖♖ ♙♙♙ vs ♖♖ ♙♙♙

  • ECE47 ♖ vs ♗

  • ECE48 ♖ ♗ vs ♖ ♘

  • ECE49 ♖ ♗ vs ♖

  • ECE50 ♖♘ vs ♖

  • ECE51 ♖♙ vs ♗♘♙

  • ECE52 ♖ ♙♙vs ♗♘ ♙♙

  • ECE53 ♖♙♙ vs ♗♘♙

  • ECE54 ♖♙ vs ♗♗♙

  • ECE55 ♖♙ ♙ vs ♗♗♙♙

  • ECE56 ♖♙♙ vs ♗♗♙

  • ECE57 to ECE95 for Members

  • ECE57 ♖♙ vs ♘♘♙

  • ECE58 ♖ ♙♙ vs ♘♘♙♙

  • ECE59 ♖ ♙♙ vs ♘♘♙

  • ECE60 ♖ vs ♗♙♙

  • ECE61 ♖ vs ♗♙

  • ECE62 ♖ ♙ vs ♗♙♙

  • ECE63 ♖ ♙ vs ♗♙

  • ECE64 ♖ ♙ vs ♗

  • ECE65 ♖ vs ♘♙♙

  • ECE66 ♖ vs ♘♙

  • ECE67 ♖ ♙ vs ♘♙♙

  • ECE68 ♖ ♙ vs ♘♙

  • ECE69 ♖ ♙ vs ♘

  • ECE70 ♕ vs ♖

  • ECE71 ♕ vs ♕ ♘

  • ECE72 ♕ vs ♕ ♗

  • ECE73 ♕ vs ♙

  • ECE74 ♕ vs ♙♙

  • ECE75 ♕ vs ♙♙♙

  • ECE76 ♕ vs ♕ ♙♙

  • ECE77 ♕ ♙ vs ♕ ♙♙

  • ECE78 ♕ ♙ vs ♕ ♙

  • ECE79 ♕ ♙♙♙ vs ♕ ♙♙

  • ECE80 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♘ ♙

  • ECE81 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♘ ♙♙

  • ECE82 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♘ ♙♙♙

  • ECE83 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♗ ♙

  • ECE84 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♗ ♙♙

  • ECE85 ♕ ♙ vs ♖ ♗ ♙♙♙

  • ECE86 ♕ ♙ vs ♗ ♘♘♙♙

  • ECE87 ♕ ♙ vs ♗ ♗♘ ♙♙

  • ECE88 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♖♘♙

  • ECE89 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♖♘♙♙

  • ECE90 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♖♘♙♙♙

  • ECE91 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♖♗♙

  • ECE92 ♕ ♙♙♙ vs ♖♗♙♙

  • ECE93 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♖♗♙♙♙

  • ECE94 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♗♘♘♙♙

  • ECE95 ♕ ♙♙ vs ♗♗ ♘ ♙ ♙

First Chess Move

• • a3 on Chess Boards

  • a4 on Chess Boards

  • b3 on Chess Boards

  • b4 on Chess Boards - Members

  • c3 on Chess Boards

  • c4 on Chess Boards - Members

  • d3 on Chess Boards

  • d4 on Chess Boards - Members

  • e3 on Chess Boards

  • e4 on Chess Boards - Members

  • f3 on Chess Boards

  • f4 on Chess Boards - Members

  • g3 on Chess Boards

  • g4 on Chess Boards

  • h3 on Chess Boards

  • h4 on Chess Boards

  • Na3 on Chess Boards

  • Nc3 on Chess Boards

  • Nf3 on Chess Boards

  • Nh3 on Chess Boards

GM Tactics

FIDE TOP 100 White Wins

FIDE TOP 100 Black Wins - Members

Learn from Grand Masters

Main Openings

• • Main Openings – Eco Code A - for Members Eco 51 to 99

  • Main Openings – Eco Code B - for Member Eco 60 to 99

  • Main Openings – Eco Code C for Members for Members

  • Main Openings – Eco Code D for Members for Members

  • Main Openings – Eco Code E for Members for Members

Main Opening Games

• • Opening Games – Eco Code A - for Members Eco 51 to 99

  • Opening Games – Eco Code B - for Members Eco 51 to 99

  • Opening Games – Eco Code C for Members

  • Opening Games – Eco Code D for Members

  • Opening-Games – Eco Code E for Members

Opening Categories

Opening Category on Chess Board

All in Alphabetic order on Chess Board ..

• • Accelerated Fianchetto (CB)

  • Accelerated Gurgenidze (CB)

  • Alekhine Defence (CB)

  • Benko Gambit (CB) for Members

  • Benoni Defence (CB) for Members

  • Bird Opening (CB)

  • Bishop's Opening (CB) for Members

  • Blumenfeld Counter Gambit (CB) for Members

  • Bogo-Indian (CB) for Members

  • Budapest Defence (CB) for Members

  • Caro–Kann Defence (CB)

  • Catalan Opening (CB) for Members

  • Center Game (CB) for Members

  • Colle System (CB) for Members

  • Dutch Defence (CB) for Members

  • English Opening (CB)

  • Evans Gambit (CB) for Members

  • Four Knights Game (CB) for Members

  • French Classical (CB)

  • French Closed Variation (CB)

  • French Defence (CB) for Members

  • French Exchange (CB)

  • Giuoco Piano (CB)

  • Gruenfeld Defence (CB) for Members

  • Indian Game (CB) free and for Members

  • Irregular Openings (CB)

  • Italian Game (CB) for Members

  • King's Gambit (CB)

  • King's Gambit Accepted (CB) for Members

  • King's Gambit Declined (CB) for Members

  • King's Indian Attack (CB)

  • King's Indian Defence (CB) for Members

  • King's Knight Opening (CB) for Members

  • King's Pawn Game (CB) for Members

  • King's Pawn Opening (CB)

  • Larsen's Opening (CB)

  • Modern Defence (CB)

  • Neo-Gruenfeld Defence (CB) for Members

  • Nimzo-Indian Defence (CB) for Members

  • Nimzowitsch Defence (CB)

  • Nimzowitsch-Larsen (CB)

  • Old Indian Defence (CB) for Members

  • Old Meran Defence (CB) for Members

  • Petrov's Defence (CB)

  • Philidor Defence (CB) for Members

  • Pirc Defence (CB)

  • Polish Defence (CB)

  • QGD – Slav Defence (CB)

  • QGD Orthodox Defence (CB) for Members

  • QGD Semi-Tarrasch (CB)

  • QGD Tarrasch (CB)

  • Queen's Gambit (CB)

  • Queen's Gambit Accepted (CB) for Members

  • Queen's Gambit Declined (CB) for Members

  • Queen's Indian Defence (CB) for Members

  • Queen's Pawn Game (CB) for Members

  • Reti Opening (CB)

  • Robatsch Modern Defence (CB)

  • Russian Game (CB) for Members

  • Ruy Lopez (CB) for Members

  • Ruy Lopez – Classical (CB) for Members

  • Ruy Lopez – Closed (CB) for Members

  • Ruy Lopez – Exchange Var. (CB)

  • Ruy Lopez – Open (CB) for Members

  • Scandinavian Defence (CB)

  • Scotch Game (CB) for Members

  • Semi-Slav Defence (CB) for Members

  • Sicilian (CB) free and B60 to B99 for Members

  • Sicilian Closed Game (CB)

  • Sicilian Defence (CB) for Members

  • Slav Defence (CB) for Members

  • Tarrasch Defence (CB) for Members

  • Trompowsky Attack (CB)

  • Two Knights Defence (CB) for Members

  • Vienna Game (CB) for Members

Opening Traps

Openings by Chess Players

• • Abonyi Variation for Members

  • Adam's Attack for Members

  • Adler Variation for Members

  • Alapin Variation

  • Alapin's Opening

  • Albin Countergambit for Members

  • Alekhines Defence

  • Allgaier Gambit for Members

  • Anderssens Opening

  • Balogh Defence

  • Barcza System

  • Barnes Opening

  • Benko Gambit for Members

  • Bird's Opening

  • Blackburne Shilling Gambit for Members

  • Blackmar–Diemer Gambit

  • Blumenfeld Gambit

  • Bogo-Indian Defence for Members

  • Caro-Kann Defence

  • Chekhover Variation for Members

  • Clemenz Opening

  • Colle System for Members

  • Damiano Defence for Members

  • Desprez Opening - Kadas Opening

  • Dunst Opening

  • Durkin Opening

  • Englund Gambit

  • Evans Gambit for Members

  • Falkbeer Countergambit for Members

  • Fischer Defence for Members

  • Grob's Attack

  • Gruenfeld Defence for Members

  • Gunderam Defence

  • Hodgson Attack

  • Jasnogrodsky Defence

  • Keres Defence for Members

  • Konstantinopolsky Opening

  • Larsen Attack-Video

  • Larsen's Opening

  • Levitsky Attack for Members

  • Maróczy Bind

  • Marshall Defence for Members

  • Max Lange Attack for Members

  • Mieses Opening

  • Monticelli Trap for Members

  • Morphy's Defence for Members

  • Nadanian Variation

  • Najdorf Variation

  • Napoleon Opening

  • Nimzo-Indian Defence for Members

  • Nimzowitsch Defence

  • Nimzowitsch-Larsen Attack

  • Owen's Defence

  • Parham Attack for Members

  • Petrov's Defence for Members

  • Philidor Defence

  • Pirc Defence

  • Ponziani Opening for Members

  • Ragozin Defence for Members

  • Réti Opening

  • Rice Gambit

  • Richter Veresov Attack for Members

  • Robatsch Defence

  • Rousseau Gambit

  • Ruy Lopez Opening for Members

  • Saemisch Variation

  • Schlechter Variation

  • Schliemann–Jaenisch Gambit

  • Smith–Morra Gambit

  • Sokolsky Opening

  • Staunton Gambit for Members

  • Steinitz Defence

  • Sveshnikov Variation

  • Tarrasch Defence for Members

  • Torre Attack for Members

  • Trompowsky Attack

  • Van't Kruijs Opening

  • Wade Defence

  • Ware Opening

Openings by Name (OCB)

• • A – Opening by Name (OCB)

  • B – Opening by Name (OCB)

  • C – Opening by Name (OCB)

  • D – Opening by Name (OCB)

  • E – Opening by Name (OCB)

  • F – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • G – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • H – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • I – J Opening by Name (OCB)

  • K – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • L – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • M – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • N – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • O – Opening by Name (OCB)

  • P – Opening by Name (OCB)

  • Q – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • R – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • S – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • T – Opening by Name (OCB) for Members

  • U – Opening by Name (OCB)

  • V-W-Y Opening by Name (OCB)

  • Z – Opening by Name (OCB)

Photos Main Openings

Tactics

• • Encyclopedia of Combinations

    • A. Introduction to Combinations

    • B. Basic Combinations free and for Members

    • C. Intermediate Combinations for Members

    • D. Expert Combinations for Members

  • 100+ annotated Tricks and Traps for Members

  • 250 Chess Combinations

Variances Eco Code A (Flank)

• • Benko Gambit Variances for Members

  • Benoni Variances for Members

  • Bird – Variances

  • Bird Opening – Dutch Variation

  • Budapest – Variances

  • Dutch – Variances

  • English Opening – Variances

  • Indian Game – Variances

  • Irr. Queen's Pawn Variances

  • Irregular Opening Variances

  • Modern Benoni Variation

  • Modern Defence Variances

  • Nimzo-Larsen Variances

  • Old Benoni – Variances

  • Old Indian Variances

  • Reti Opening – Variances

  • Trompowsky Attack Var.

Variances Eco Code B (1. e4)

• • Alekhine – Variances

  • Caro-Kann Variances

  • Chekhover Variation

  • Irr. King's Pawn Variances

  • Modern – Pterodactyl Defence

  • Najdorf Variation

  • Pirc Defence Variances

  • Pterodactyl Defence Variances

  • Scandinavian – Variances

  • Sicilian Variances

Variances Eco Code C (1. e4)

• • Bishop Opening Variances

  • Center Game Variances

  • Evans Gambit Variances

  • Falkbeer Counter-Gambit Variances

  • Four Knights Variances

  • Four/Three Knights Variances

  • French – Variances

  • Giuoco Piano Variances

  • Irr. King's Knight Variances

  • Italian Game Variances

  • King's Gambit Acc. Variances

  • King's Gambit Decl. Variances

  • King's Knight Variances

  • King's Pawn Variances

  • Philidor Defence Variances

  • Ponziani Variances

  • Russian Game – Variances

  • Scotch – Variances

  • Spanish – Ruy Lopez Variances

  • Two Knights Variances

  • Vienna Game – Variances

Variances Eco Code D (1. d4)

• • Gruenfeld Variances

  • Nadanian Variation

  • Queen's Gambit Declined

  • Queen's Gambit Variances

  • Queen's Pawn Variances

  • Slav Defence Variances

Variances Eco Code E (1. d4)

• • Blumenfeld Variances

  • Catalan Variances

  • Irregular Indian Variances

  • King's Indian Variances

  • Nimzo-Indian Variances

  • Queen's Indian Variances

You will find more under Menu - Some are same but you'll find new chess areas too. Around 200 Pages.